句子超能力:複合句教學

各位同學好!想令你寫嘅英文文章聽落更專業、更有趣嗎?本章會同大家一齊探索複合句嘅奧秘。想像一下,學習複合句就好似打機「升呢」咁,不過今次係為你嘅英文寫作技巧升呢!

學完呢啲筆記,你將會能夠:

- 認識句子的基本組成部分 — 子句。
- 掌握點樣有信心咁建構自己嘅複合句。
- 學習運用特殊連接詞,清楚表達思想之間嘅關係。
- 令你嘅寫作更清晰、更詳細,亦都更能吸引讀者!

就算一開始覺得有啲難都唔使擔心。我哋會將佢拆解成簡單易明嘅步驟。你實得嘅!


第一部分:寫作基石 — 了解子句

喺我哋建構一個又型又複雜嘅複合句之前,我哋需要知道句子係由咩組成。主要嘅組成部分叫做子句

子句係一組包含主語(句子所描述嘅「誰」或「什麼」)同埋動詞(動作或狀態)嘅詞語組合。

超級英雄子句:獨立子句

一個獨立子句(或者叫做主句)就好似一個超級英雄。佢好強大,可以獨立存在。佢表達一個完整嘅意思,單獨使用亦完全合理。

- The cat sat on the mat. (呢句單獨都有意思。)
- I love playing football. (呢係一個完整嘅意思。)
- Sarah finished her homework. (呢句單獨都有意思。)

最佳拍檔子句:從屬子句

一個從屬子句(或者叫做附屬子句)就好似超級英雄嘅最佳拍檔。佢都有主語同動詞,但係佢唔可以單獨存在。佢意思唔完整,會令你好奇:「……然後呢?」「發生咗啲咩事呢?」

- ...because he was hungry. (因為佢肚餓……點解?佢都未講完個故仔喎!)
- ...when the bell rings. (當個鐘響嘅時候……會點?意思唔完整!)
- ...although it was raining. (雖然落緊雨……佢哋做咗啲咩?)

重點提示:一個獨立子句就係一個完整嘅句子。而一個從屬子句係一個唔完整嘅句子片段,需要同獨立子句結合先至有意思。


第二部分:咩係複合句?強強聯手!

一個複合句就係超級英雄同佢嘅最佳拍檔「組隊」咁簡單!佢由一個獨立子句同埋最少一個從屬子句組成。

你可以咁樣去理解呢個簡單嘅公式:

獨立子句 + 從屬子句 = 複合句

等我哋睇吓例子:

- The cat sat on the mat (獨立子句) + because it was tired (從屬子句)。
結合後:The cat sat on the mat because it was tired. (貓貓坐喺墊上面因為佢攰了。)

- I will go outside (獨立子句) + when the rain stops (從屬子句)。
結合後:I will go outside when the rain stops. (我會出去當雨停嘅時候。)

運用複合句可以清楚展示兩個想法之間嘅關係。喺第一個例子中,我哋知道貓貓坐喺墊上面嘅*原因*。喺第二個例子中,我哋知道我*幾時*會出去。咁樣比寫短促零碎嘅句子好得多啦!


第三部分:神奇連接詞 — 從屬連接詞

咁我哋點樣將呢啲子句連接埋一齊呢?我哋會用到一啲特殊嘅「神奇」連接詞,叫做從屬連接詞。呢啲字通常會放喺從屬子句嘅開頭。

從屬連接詞有好多,但佢哋通常會表達時間原因或者條件嘅關係。

記憶小貼士:I SAW A WABUB!

要記住一啲最常用嘅從屬連接詞,只要記住呢個有趣嘅短語:I SAW A WABUB

I - if (如果)
S - since (自從/既然)
A - as (當/隨著/因為)
W - when (當……時候)
A - although (雖然)
W - while (當……時候)
A - after (在……之後)
B - before (在……之前)
U - until (直到)
B - because (因為)

實際應用例子

表達時間:(when, while, after, before, until)
- After she finished her homework, she watched TV. (完成功課之後,佢就去睇電視。)
- He listened to music while he was jogging. (佢喺跑步嘅時候聽歌。)

表達原因 (因果關係):(because, since, as)
- He was late for school because the bus broke down. (佢因為巴士壞咗而返學遲到。)
- Since you're ready, we can leave now. (既然你準備好咗,我哋依家可以出發啦。)

表達條件:(if, unless)
- You will pass the test if you study hard. (如果你努力讀書,你就會考試合格。)
- I won't go to the party unless you come with me. (除非你同我一齊去,否則我唔會去派對。)

表達對比:(although, even though)
- Although he was tired, he kept running to finish the race. (雖然佢好攰,但係佢都繼續跑,直到跑完比賽。)

至關重要嘅逗號規則!

呢個係一個超重要嘅標點符號規則,一定要記住!

1. 當從屬子句放喺句首嘅時候,你需要在後面加上一個逗號

- Because it was cold, I wore a jacket. (因為天氣凍,我着咗件褸。)

2. 當獨立子句放喺句首嘅時候,你唔需要加逗號。

- I wore a jacket because it was cold. (我着咗件褸因為天氣凍。)

快速重溫

- 複合句 = 1個獨立子句 + 1個 (或以上) 從屬子句。
- 從屬連接詞 = because, if, when, although 等字眼,通常用來引導從屬子句。
- 逗號規則 = 從屬子句放句首 = 要加逗號。獨立子句放句首 = 唔使加逗號!


第四部分:添加額外資訊 — 關係子句

另一種構成複合句嘅方法,係使用關係子句。呢係一種特殊嘅從屬子句,佢嘅作用係為名詞提供額外資訊。佢通常會回答「哪一個?」或「哪一種?」呢類問題。

關係子句通常由關係代名詞引導,例如:who、whom、whose、which、that

點樣運用佢哋

- who (用於人)
- The student who sits at the back is very smart. (講緊係*邊個*學生。)

- which (用於事物/動物)
- The book which is on the table belongs to me. (講緊係*邊本*書。)

- that (用於人或事物 — 口語化啲)
- This is the phone that I bought yesterday. (呢部就係我琴日買嘅電話。)

運用關係子句合併句子

呢個係將兩句短句合併成一個流暢複合句嘅好方法。

第一步:搵出兩句中相同嘅名詞。
- The girl is my best friend. The girl won the singing competition. (個女仔係我最好嘅朋友。個女仔贏咗歌唱比賽。) (名詞係「個女仔」)

第二步:將第二個名詞替換成關係代名詞(例如用於人嘅「who」)。
- who won the singing competition (贏咗歌唱比賽嘅)

第三步:將新嘅關係子句放喺佢所形容嘅名詞後面。
- The girl who won the singing competition is my best friend. (贏咗歌唱比賽嘅女仔係我最好嘅朋友。) (好棒!)

你知唔知?

作家同記者都經常使用複合句!佢哋用複合句嚟連接事件、解釋原因,同埋添加重要細節,令佢哋嘅故事對讀者嚟講更具力量同資訊性。


最後總結同重點回顧

嘩,你學到好多嘢!建構複合句係提升你寫作水平嘅最佳方法之一。等我哋嚟個最後回顧啦。

避免呢個常見錯誤!

千祈唔好將從屬子句當成完整句子嚟寫。咁樣會變成一個句子片段!
錯誤示範:Because I was tired. I went to bed.
正確寫法:Because I was tired, I went to bed. 或者 I went to bed because I was tired.

本章清單:

- 複合句包含一個獨立子句同埋最少一個從屬子句。
- 獨立子句可以單獨成句。
- 從屬子句唔可以單獨存在,通常由從屬連接詞(例如 if、when、because…)或關係代名詞(例如 who、which、that…)開頭。
- 記得逗號規則:從屬子句放句首 = 要加逗號。獨立子句放句首 = 唔使加逗號。
- 使用複合句嚟展示思想之間嘅關聯,同埋令你嘅寫作更流暢。

做得好!繼續練習,好快你就可以不假思索地建構出精彩嘅複合句啦。寫作愉快!