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Planet Earth
01
Atmosphere composition & testing O₂
02
Seawater composition, salt extraction, electrolysis, water isolation
03
Rocks & minerals, separation techniques: distillation, crystallization, filtration
Microscopic World I
01
Atomic structure, periodic trends
02
Ionic, covalent, metallic bonding, giant structures
03
Molecular shapes, formulae; link macro–micro
Metals
01
Metal ores, finite resource, recycling
02
Reactivity series, displacement, extraction methods
03
Corrosion, anodisation, social–environmental implications
Acids and Bases
01
Common acids/alkalis; H⁺(aq) concept; pH determination
02
Strong vs weak, dissociation extent
03
Titration techniques; volumetric analysis & stoichiometry
Fossil Fuels & Carbon Compounds
01
Sources: coal, petroleum, natural gas
02
Fractional distillation, uses, pollution effects
03
Homologous series; naming; addition polymerisation
Microscopic World II
01
Bond polarity by electronegativity
02
Intermolecular forces: Van der Waals’, hydrogen bonds
03
Molecular shapes (e.g. CH₄, NH₃, H₂O, BF₃)
Redox Reactions, Chemical Cells & Electrolysis
01
Oxidation numbers, redox reactions
02
Zinc–carbon cell, inert electrode cells, fuel cells
03
Electroplating, copper purification, environmental links
Chemical Reactions and Energy
01
Enthalpy changes; Hess’s Law; energy cycles
02
Stoichiometric calculations involving energy terms
Rate of Reaction
01
Reaction monitoring methods (titration, gas volume, temperature)
02
Instantaneous vs average rates; molar gas volumes
03
Collision theory, activation energy, catalysts
Chemical Equilibrium
01
Reversible reactions; dynamic equilibrium
02
Equilibrium constant (Kc); Le Chatelier’s Principle
03
Effects of temperature and concentration
Chemistry of Carbon Compounds
01
Homologous series (alkanes, alkenes, haloalkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, amides, amines)
02
Isomerism: structural, cis‑trans, enantiomerism
03
Reactions: substitution, addition, oxidation, esterification, hydrolysis; inter-conversions
04
Important compounds: aspirin, detergents, nylon, polyesters
Patterns in the Chemical World
01
Periodic trends: oxide acid-base character
02
Transition metals: coloured ions, variable oxidation states, catalysis
Industrial Chemistry
01
Kinetics, activation energy; Arrhenius equation
02
Catalysts; green chemistry (atom economy, pollution control)
Materials Chemistry
01
Natural polymers (cellulose, chitin)
02
Synthetic polymers; plastics, liquid crystals, nanomaterials
03
Comparison: metals vs alloys; composites
Analytical Chemistry
01
Cation tests (flame test), gas tests, purity tests
02
Volumetric (titration) quantitative analysis
03
Instrumental methods, forensic, environmental, clinical applications
